The book was published in the framework of the international project “Ancient and Medieval religions of the Central Asia and Azerbaijan as reflected in Archaeological sites on the Great Silk Road”, initiated by the IICAS in order to study the spiritual culture of the nations of the region, and to promote the surviving written sources and archaeological artifacts. Particular emphasis was placed on the analysis of the process of establishing Islam in the region, mainly from the point of view of changes in the archaeological and architectural landscapes. The publication is addressed to specialists, university students, and a wide range of readers interested in the history of the Central Asian region.